Layer 1 blockchains, like Ethereum have emerged as the bedrock of decentralised applications. However, as Vitalik Buterin conjectured in his ‘blockchain trilemma’, one cannot achieve scalability, decentralisation and security. Ethereum delivers security and decentralisation yet the ability to scale has been an issue for Ethereum. As a result, a flurry of “Layer 2” solutions have emerged to counteract this problem.

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In this research seminar of a16z , Patrick McCorry of Consensys/Infura , introduces the concept of Layer-2 and bridges and what this means for the scaling problem faced by blockchains.

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Watch the video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLWPl7PsPDQ